| Ilie Ilaşcu | |
|---|---|
| Ilie Ilaşcu in 2009 | |
| Member of the Moldovan Parliament | |
| In office 1994–2001 |
|
| President | Mircea Snegur Petru Lucinschi |
| Member of the Senate of Romania | |
| In office 2000–2008 |
|
| President | Ion Iliescu Traian Băsescu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 30 July 1952 Taxobeni, Făleşti district |
| Nationality | Romania Moldova USSR |
| Political party | Popular Front of Moldova Democratic Christian Popular Front Greater Romania Party |
| Spouse(s) | Nina |
| Children | Tatiana (b. February 28, 1980) Olga (b. July 1, 1984) |
| Alma mater | Faculty of Economic Studies of the Agricultural Institute in Chişinău |
| Religion | Romanian Orthodox |
| Military service | |
| Awards | Order of the Star of Romania Order of the Republic (Moldova) |
Ilie Ilaşcu (born 30 July 1952 in Taxobeni, Făleşti district) is a Moldovan-born Romanian politician, famous for being sentenced to death by the separatist Transnistrian government for alleged involvement in two murders and for actions which have been described as Moldovan state-sponsored terrorism by Transnistrian government officials.[1]
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Born in Taxobeni, Făleşti district, Ilaşcu graduated from the Faculty of Economic Studies of the Agricultural Institute in Chişinău. He is married to Nina and they have two daughters, Tatiana (b. February 28, 1980) and Olga (b. July 1, 1984). Ilie Ilaşcu worked as chief economist at "Dnestr" Research Institute in Tiraspol. Ilaşcu became known for his opposition against Moldovan Communist Party politics regarding Moldovan language, openly advocating the usage of Latin script and recognition of Moldovan-Romanian identity, as well as giving the status of official language for Moldovan.
His opponents nicknamed him "glavnîi extremist" (chief extremist) instead of "glavnîi economist" (chief economist). In January 1989 he was one of the founders of a Moldovan association in Tiraspol. On July 9, 1989 he was arrested for the first time, being released with excuses after few days. Also in 1989 he was dismissed from his job, but was able to regain his position after appealing to the prosecutor office. On September 5, 1989 as he spoke at a meeting in Tiraspol in favour of the language laws passed by the Moldovan parliament, he was taken away by policemen, who needed to protect him from the crowd of political opponents.[2]
Starting with 1989, he was the president of the Tiraspol branch of the Moldovan Popular Front, which advocated the union of Moldova and Romania.[3]
He is a leader of the Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova. In 2010, Ilaşcu announced he will support Mihai Ghimpu and the Liberal Party.[4]
On June 2, 1992, he and three more ethnic Romanians, members of the "Ilaşcu group" (Ilaşcu together with Andrei Ivanţoc, Alexandru Leşco and Tudor Petrov Popa) were arrested by the breakaway Transnistrian government and charged with the murder of two separatist officials.
On December 9, 1993, the Supreme Court of Transnistria found him guilty of a number of offences defined in the Criminal Code of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, including incitement to commit an offence against national security, organisation of activities with the aim of committing extremely dangerous offences against the State, murdering a representative of the State with the aim of spreading terror, premeditated murder, unlawfully requisitioning means of transport, deliberate destruction of another's property and illegal or unauthorised use of ammunition or explosives.
Ilaşcu was sentenced to be shot and the other three defendants were sentenced to hard labour for terms between 12 and 15 years. They had no right of appeal.[3]
During the trial, the defendants were kept in reinforced iron cages, as they were considered "extremely dangerous". This decision was contested by various international human rights organizations, which doubted the fairness of the trial and alleged that they were prosecuted only because they were members of the Tiraspol branch of the Popular Front, a Moldovan party which favours a union with Romania. For years he was kept in solitary confinement without access to family and medical assistance.
While in the Transnistrian prison, Ilaşcu was elected twice in the Moldovan Parliament on the lists of the Democratic Christian Popular Front, in 1994 and 1998 election.
In October 2000, he received Romanian citizenship, after which he renounced his Moldovan citizenship.[5] In the same year, he was elected to the Senate of Romania for the Greater Romania Party, representing Bacău County. Reelected in 2004, Ilaşcu served as a member of the Senate until 2008.
Ilaşcu was eventually released on May 5, 2001, two years after he filed an application with the European Court of Human Rights and following a verdict of the European Court for Human Rights,[6] where he sued both Russia and Moldova.
The other three members of his group have been released after the timeline of his sentence was over:
Russian authorities denied any involvement.[7]
The European Court of Human Rights judged in 2004 that the authorities have infringed the human rights (as defined by the European Convention on Human Rights) of Ilie Ilaşcu and the other three people arrested by the Transnistrian government. The ruling came after a legal process that began in 1999.[8] The court ruled that the Supreme Court of the PMR was not an actual court with any jurisdiction over the detainees, and its findings that led to their conviction were not considered.[9] Under the court's decision, Russia was to pay Ilaşcu 187,000 euros. Alexandru Tănase was a lawyer for Ilaşcu.[8]